Fluorine in Small Molecules: Fluoromethyl Azide and Chalcogenocyanates

Fluoromethylating agents are a highly studied and controversely discussed class of compounds. New fluoromethyl pseudohalides FCH₂N₃, FCH₂SCN, and FCH₂SeCN were prepared for the first time and their physical and spectroscopic properties investigated. Their synthesis is performed conveniently by fluoromethylation of the respective silver or potassium pseudohalogenides with fluoroiodomethane.     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

提出了同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物含量的方法。样品用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1+1)混合液提取后,经DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子反应监测模式进行质谱测定,同位素内标法进行定量分析。23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的线性范围在0.2~3.0mg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.05~0.1mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在73.2%~122%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.49%~11%之间。     

激光烧蚀-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值

建立了铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值的分析方法,采用双面胶带装载铀颗粒物样品,优化激光烧蚀-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱的运行参数,用标准样品交叉法校正质量分馏和探测器检测效率,测定了粒径几十微米的铀标准物质CRM124-1、GBW04234和GBW04238中铀全同位素比值.本方法对铀颗粒物中235U/238U、234 U/235U和236 U/235U测量的相对实验标准不确定度分别小于0.050％,1.7％和1.8％,测量结果与参考值在不确定度范围内符合.研究表明,本方法可快速、准确、高精度地测定铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值.     

高效液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法定量分析人生长激素

建立了人生长激素( hGH)纯化分析和高效液相色谱( HPLC)与同位素稀释质谱( IDMS)联用高准确度绝对定量方法。采用快速蛋白液相色谱来分离纯化hGH,以傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪( FTICR-MS)准确地测定蛋白质的分子质量。纯化的hGH经酸水解后,采用KINETEX C18色谱柱为分析柱,以水(含0.1%三氟乙酸)和乙腈为流动相,等梯度分离,流速0.2 mL/min,温度40℃,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行电离,选择多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量分析。结果表明,FTICR-MS所测得的分子量实测值与理论值仅相差0.31 Da,脯氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸在液相条件下5 min内达到基线分离,在最优条件下,hGH含量测定结果为186.80 mg/g,相对标准偏差为0.52%。利用本方法参加国际比对,比对结果与参考值等效一致。本方法具有简易、实用的特点,并且准确可靠,可作为hGH纯品标准物质的定值方法,为hGH的日常检测提供参考。     

QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱法高通量筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素

建立了QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱同时快速筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids, GCs)的高通量方法.样品经乙腈提取,改进的QuEChERS法净化,待测物选用具有多重色谱保留机理的新型色谱柱Poroshell 120 PFP (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm),以0.2% (V/V)乙酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾离子源的正离子模式下建立了一级精确质量数及二级碎片离子质谱图数据库,无需标准品即可完成化妆品中86种GCs的全面筛查与确证.所有待测物在2~200 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99, 3个添加水平的平均回收率为66.2%~112.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%~13.9%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3) 为0.006~0.015 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.02~0.05 mg/kg.本方法简便高效、定性可靠、定量准确,适用于化妆品中非法添加GCs的高通量筛查.     

Asymmetric C‐Alkylation by the S‐Adenosylmethionine‐Dependent Methyltransferase SgvM

S ‐Adenosylmethionine‐dependent methyltransferases (MTs) play a decisive role in the biosynthesis of natural products and in epigenetic processes. MTs catalyze the methylation of heteroatoms and even of carbon atoms, which, in many cases, is a challenging reaction in conventional synthesis. However, C‐MTs are often highly substrate‐specific. Herein, we show that SgvM from Streptomyces griseoviridis features an extended substrate scope with respect to the nucleophile as well as the electrophile. Aside from its physiological substrate 4‐methyl‐2‐oxovalerate, SgvM catalyzes the (di)methylation of pyruvate, 2‐oxobutyrate, 2‐oxovalerate, and phenylpyruvate at the β‐carbon atom. Chiral‐phase HPLC analysis revealed that the methylation of 2‐oxovalerate occurs with R selectivity while the ethylation of 2‐oxobutyrate with S ‐adenosylethionine results in the S enantiomer of 3‐methyl‐2‐oxovalerate. Thus SgvM could be a valuable tool for asymmetric biocatalytic C‐alkylation reactions.     

A new method for the determination of the 34S/32S ratio of water-soluble sulphur in soil

A new method for the determination of the ³⁴S/³²S ratio of water-extractable sulphate in soil is described. Soils are extracted directly with deionized water, which is evaporated down. The remaining residue is then rehydrated and transferred to tin cups containing an adsorbent and mixed with an oxygen donor (V₂O₅). Samples are then analysed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The new method requires around 10?g soil per determination, compared to much larger amounts (up to kilograms) of soil required for the previous methods. Sample preparation and subsequent analysis is quick and efficient. The method is demonstrated using a number of soils collected from around the world to provide a range of determined δ³⁴S values. The δ³⁴S values of water-extractable sulphur were broadly similar to those of the soil total sulphur.     

Combustibles,fuels and their combustion products: A view through carbon isotopes

Stable (i.e. non-radioactive) carbon-isotope composition (δ¹³C) in fuels has been extensively used as an indicator of the processes leading to the generation of their parent crude-oil. With the example of those used in Paris (France), this preliminary study isotopically characterizes fuels and combustibles, as well as the isotopic relations existing with their combustion by-products, i.e. gases (CO₂) and particles (bulk carbon). Results show that δ¹³C in fuels is clearly related to their physical state, with natural gas being strongly depleted in ¹³C while coal yields the highest δ¹³C, and liquid fuels display intermediate values. This relation is also valid for combustion gases, although δ¹³C values of combustion particles form a homogeneous range within which no clear distinction is observed. Combustion processes are accompanied by carbon-isotope fractionation (noted Δ¹³C) resulting from the combustion being incomplete. Carbon-isotope fractionation is strictly negative (Δ¹³C = ?1.3‰) during the formation of combustion gases, but generally positive in particle formation even if values close to zero are observed. Using simple mixing equations for describing the closed system formed by fuel, CO₂ and carbonaceous particles, we discuss the carbon budget for spark-ignition (unleaded gasoline) and diesel engines. Stable carbon isotopes corroborate the already-proved superior efficiency of diesel combustion mode compared with spark ignition, as carbon is preferentially transformed into CO₂.     

Isotopic separation of lithium ions by capillary zone electrophoresis

Separation of ⁶Li and ⁷Li isotopes by CZE was demonstrated. The BGE contained 5 mM 4‐aminopyridine, 0.9 mM oxalic acid, 0.25 mM CTAB, and 0.25% w/v Tween 20 (рН = 9.2). The running conditions were +25 kV at 30°C with indirect photometric detection at 261 nm. Under optimal experimental conditions, the analysis time was less than 21 min. Separation of Li preparations with mole fraction of ⁶Li ranging from 3.44 up to 90.38% was demonstrated.